{"id":4730,"date":"2024-09-04T10:52:06","date_gmt":"2024-09-04T08:52:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.martinvodvarka.cz\/?p=4730"},"modified":"2024-09-04T10:54:07","modified_gmt":"2024-09-04T08:54:07","slug":"fascinujici-historie-svicek-3-cast-vynalez-parafinovych-svicek-a-prumyslova-revoluce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.martinvodvarka.cz\/de\/fascinujici-historie-svicek-3-cast-vynalez-parafinovych-svicek-a-prumyslova-revoluce\/","title":{"rendered":"Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed historie sv\u00ed\u010dek: 3. \u010d\u00e1st \u2013 vyn\u00e1lez paraf\u00ednov\u00fdch sv\u00ed\u010dek a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V na\u0161\u00ed s\u00e9rii o historii sv\u00ed\u010dek se nyn\u00ed posuneme do 19. stolet\u00ed, obdob\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ineslo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bny v mnoha oblastech \u017eivota, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdroby sv\u00ed\u010dek. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b byly vynalezeny paraf\u00ednov\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky, d\u00edky nim\u017e se naprosto zm\u011bnila dostupnost a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010dek v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p>\n<h2>Vyn\u00e1lez paraf\u00ednu a jeho v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n<p>Paraf\u00edn, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd materi\u00e1l pro modern\u00ed v\u00fdrobu sv\u00ed\u010dek, byl objeven v polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed. Paraf\u00edn je voskov\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 z ropy, uheln\u00e9ho dehtu nebo roponosn\u00fdch b\u0159idlic. Byl poprv\u00e9 izolov\u00e1n v roce 1830 n\u011bmeck\u00fdm chemikem Karlem von Reichenbachem. Paraf\u00ednov\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky m\u011bly n\u011bkolik z\u00e1sadn\u00edch v\u00fdhod oproti sv\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1m z v\u010del\u00edho vosku nebo loje \u2013 ho\u0159ely \u010dist\u011bji, d\u00e9le a byly mnohem levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na v\u00fdrobu.\u00a0Tento vyn\u00e1lez zp\u016fsobil revoluci ve v\u00fdrob\u011b sv\u00ed\u010dek, proto\u017ee paraf\u00edn se dal vyr\u00e1b\u011bt ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed a sni\u017eoval n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdrobu. To znamenalo, \u017ee sv\u00ed\u010dky se staly dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi pro \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed vrstvy spole\u010dnosti, a u\u017e nebyly luxusn\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00edm vyhrazen\u00fdm jen pro bohat\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce a masov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba sv\u00ed\u010dek<\/h2>\n<p>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce, kter\u00e1 za\u010dala v 18. stolet\u00ed a pokra\u010dovala do 19. stolet\u00ed, v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u011bnila zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm byly sv\u00ed\u010dky vyr\u00e1b\u011bny. D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00ed metody byly nahrazeny stroji, kter\u00e9 umo\u017enily masovou v\u00fdrobu sv\u00ed\u010dek s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rychlost\u00ed a p\u0159esnost\u00ed. Tov\u00e1rny na v\u00fdrobu sv\u00ed\u010dek se objevily v Evrop\u011b i Americe a popt\u00e1vka po sv\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch dramaticky vzrostla.<\/p>\n<p>S rozvojem paraf\u00ednov\u00fdch sv\u00ed\u010dek a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch metod se sv\u00ed\u010dky staly nejen levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zdrojem sv\u011btla, ale tak\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm spot\u0159ebn\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00edm. Byly dostupn\u00e9 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch velikostech, tvarech a barv\u00e1ch, co\u017e umo\u017enilo jejich \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed v dom\u00e1cnostech, kostel\u00edch a p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch spole\u010densk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech.<\/p>\n<h2>Konkurence mezi paraf\u00ednem a stearinem<\/h2>\n<p>Vedle paraf\u00ednu se v t\u00e9 dob\u011b objevil dal\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1l \u2013 stearin. Stearin byl z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n z \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tuk\u016f a rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f a m\u011bl tak\u00e9 velmi dobr\u00e9 vlastnosti pro v\u00fdrobu sv\u00ed\u010dek. Stearinov\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky ho\u0159ely \u010dist\u011b a stabiln\u011b, podobn\u011b jako paraf\u00ednov\u00e9, ale byly dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed na v\u00fdrobu.\u00a0Konkurence mezi paraf\u00ednem a stearinem vedla k inovac\u00edm ve v\u00fdrob\u011b a zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality sv\u00ed\u010dek. N\u011bkter\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky byly vyr\u00e1b\u011bny kombinac\u00ed obou materi\u00e1l\u016f, aby se dos\u00e1hlo ide\u00e1ln\u00edho pom\u011bru mezi kvalitou a cenou. Stearinov\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky si v\u0161ak uchovaly svou popularitu, zejm\u00e9na v luxusn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm segmentu trhu.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.martinvodvarka.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Lampa-19.-stoleti.webp\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4731\" src=\"https:\/\/www.martinvodvarka.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Lampa-19.-stoleti-800x534.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"638\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.martinvodvarka.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Lampa-19.-stoleti-800x534.webp 800w, https:\/\/www.martinvodvarka.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Lampa-19.-stoleti-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.martinvodvarka.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Lampa-19.-stoleti-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/www.martinvodvarka.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Lampa-19.-stoleti-24x16.webp 24w, https:\/\/www.martinvodvarka.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Lampa-19.-stoleti-36x24.webp 36w, https:\/\/www.martinvodvarka.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Lampa-19.-stoleti-48x32.webp 48w, https:\/\/www.martinvodvarka.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Lampa-19.-stoleti-416x277.webp 416w, https:\/\/www.martinvodvarka.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Lampa-19.-stoleti.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Vliv na spole\u010dnost a zm\u011bna v pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010dek<\/h2>\n<p>S poklesem cen sv\u00ed\u010dek a jejich masovou dostupnost\u00ed do\u0161lo k z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m v jejich pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco d\u0159\u00edve byly sv\u00ed\u010dky cenn\u00fdm a pe\u010dliv\u011b st\u0159e\u017een\u00fdm zdrojem sv\u011btla, b\u011bhem 19. stolet\u00ed se staly b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm p\u0159edm\u011btem ka\u017edodenn\u00ed pot\u0159eby. Lid\u00e9 za\u010dali sv\u00ed\u010dky pou\u017e\u00edvat nejen k osv\u011btlen\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 k dekoraci a aromatizaci dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed paraf\u00ednov\u00fdch sv\u00ed\u010dek tak\u00e9 znamenalo, \u017ee se sv\u00ed\u010dky staly d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm exportn\u00edm artiklem. Tov\u00e1rny v Evrop\u011b a Americe vyr\u00e1b\u011bly obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010dek, kter\u00e9 byly exportov\u00e1ny do r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sv\u011bta. Sv\u00ed\u010dky byly prod\u00e1v\u00e1ny ve velk\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00edch a staly se dostupn\u00fdmi i v nejvzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edch koutech sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n<h2>Zaj\u00edmavosti o paraf\u00ednov\u00fdch sv\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n<p>S\u00a0n\u00e1stupem elekt\u0159iny na konci 19. stolet\u00ed za\u010daly sv\u00ed\u010dky ztr\u00e1cet svou roli jako hlavn\u00ed zdroj sv\u011btla. P\u0159esto v\u0161ak z\u016fstaly d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kulturn\u00edho a spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, a jejich v\u00fdroba a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pokra\u010dovalo, zejm\u00e9na pro dekorativn\u00ed a ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely.\u00a0Vyn\u00e1lez paraf\u00ednov\u00fdch sv\u00ed\u010dek m\u011bl tak\u00e9 velk\u00fd dopad na energetick\u00fd trh. Paraf\u00edn, jako vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkt ropy, se stal cennou komoditou, co\u017e vedlo k rozvoji rafin\u00e9ri\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed popt\u00e1vky po ropn\u00fdch produktech.\u00a0\u00a0Jednou z dal\u0161\u00edch zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed o sv\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch v 19. stolet\u00ed je, \u017ee v t\u00e9to dob\u011b se sv\u00ed\u010dky staly d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro navigaci na mo\u0159i. N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci pou\u017e\u00edvali tzv. \u201elodn\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010dky\u201c, kter\u00e9 byly vyrobeny z vysoce kvalitn\u00edho vosku nebo stearinu a m\u011bly dlouhou dobu ho\u0159en\u00ed. Tyto sv\u00ed\u010dky byly navr\u017eeny tak, aby odolaly n\u00e1raz\u016fm a vlhkosti na palub\u011b lodi a poskytovaly stabiln\u00ed zdroj sv\u011btla p\u0159i plavb\u00e1ch p\u0159es noc.\u00a0Lodn\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010dky m\u011bly \u010dasto kovov\u00e9 kryty nebo byly um\u00edst\u011bny v lucern\u00e1ch, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo jejich zhasnut\u00ed v\u011btrem nebo de\u0161t\u011bm. Sv\u00ed\u010dky byly tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro navigaci, \u017ee jejich dostupnost a kvalita mohla m\u00edt vliv na \u00fasp\u011bch nebo ne\u00fasp\u011bch dlouh\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch cest.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>Vyn\u00e1lez parafinov\u00fdch sv\u00ed\u010dek a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd miln\u00edk v historii sv\u00ed\u010dek. Tento p\u0159echod ke komer\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdrob\u011b a dostupnosti pro \u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnost z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnil zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm byly sv\u00ed\u010dky pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny a vn\u00edm\u00e1ny. I kdy\u017e paraf\u00ednov\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky ztratily svou dominanci s n\u00e1stupem elekt\u0159iny, jejich vliv na pr\u016fmysl a spole\u010dnost je nepopirateln\u00fd. V dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti s\u00e9rie se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na to, jak sv\u00ed\u010dky pokra\u010dovaly ve sv\u00e9 evoluci v modern\u00ed dob\u011b a jak\u00e9 nov\u00e9 trendy a inovace p\u0159ineslo 20. a 21. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-right kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;right&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;4730&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Rate this post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (2 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed historie sv\u00ed\u010dek: 3. \u010d\u00e1st \u2013 vyn\u00e1lez paraf\u00ednov\u00fdch sv\u00ed\u010dek a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (2 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V na\u0161\u00ed s\u00e9rii o historii sv\u00ed\u010dek se nyn\u00ed posuneme do 19. stolet\u00ed, obdob\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ineslo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bny v mnoha oblastech \u017eivota, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdroby sv\u00ed\u010dek. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b byly vynalezeny paraf\u00ednov\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky, d\u00edky nim\u017e se naprosto zm\u011bnila dostupnost a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010dek v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. Vyn\u00e1lez paraf\u00ednu a jeho v\u00fdznam Paraf\u00edn, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd materi\u00e1l pro modern\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4734,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4730","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene-cs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed historie sv\u00ed\u010dek: 3. \u010d\u00e1st \u2013 vyn\u00e1lez paraf\u00ednov\u00fdch sv\u00ed\u010dek a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce - Martin Vodv\u00e1\u0159ka<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.martinvodvarka.cz\/de\/fascinujici-historie-svicek-3-cast-vynalez-parafinovych-svicek-a-prumyslova-revoluce\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed historie sv\u00ed\u010dek: 3. \u010d\u00e1st \u2013 vyn\u00e1lez paraf\u00ednov\u00fdch sv\u00ed\u010dek a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce - Martin Vodv\u00e1\u0159ka\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V na\u0161\u00ed s\u00e9rii o historii sv\u00ed\u010dek se nyn\u00ed posuneme do 19. stolet\u00ed, obdob\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ineslo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bny v mnoha oblastech \u017eivota, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdroby sv\u00ed\u010dek. 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